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KB 1970-2-20 / Why Duryodhana Felt Insulted at the End of the
Rajasuya Sacrifice
20 / Why Duryodhana Felt Insulted at the End of the Rajasuya
Sacrifice
King Yudhisthira was known as ajatasatru, or a person who
has no enemy. Therefore, when all men, all demigods, all
kings, sages and saints saw the successful termination of the
Rajasuya yajna performed by King Yudhisthira, they became very
happy. That Duryodhana alone was not happy was astonishing
to Maharaja Pariksit, and therefore he requested Sukadeva
Gosvami to explain this.
Sukadeva Gosvami said, "My dear King Pariksit, your grandfather,
King Yudhisthira, was a great soul. His congenial disposition
attracted everyone as his friend, and therefore he was known
as ajatasatru, one who never created an enemy. He engaged
all the members of the Kuru dynasty in taking charge of
different departments for the management of the Rajasuya
sacrifice. For example, Bhimasena was put in charge of the
kitchen department, Duryodhana in charge of the treasury
department, Sahadeva in charge of the reception department,
Nakula in charge of the store department, and Arjuna was
engaged in looking after the comforts of the elderly persons.
The most astonishing feature was that Krsna, the Supreme
Personality of Godhead, took charge of washing the feet of all
the incoming guests. The Queen, the goddess of fortune Draupadi,
was in charge of administering the distribution of food, and
because Karna was famous for giving charity, he was put in
charge of the charity department. In this way Satyaki, Vikarna,
Hardikya, Vidura, Bhurisrava, and Santardana, the son of
Bahlika, were all engaged in different departments for managing
the affairs of the Rajasuya sacrifice. They were all so bound
in loving affection for King Yudhisthira that they simply
wanted to please him.
After Sisupala had died by the mercy of Lord Krsna and had
become merged in the spiritual existence, and after the end
of the Rajasuya yajna, when all friends, guests and well-
wishers had been sufficiently honored and rewarded, King
Yudhisthira went to bathe in the Ganges. The city of
Hastinapura is today standing on the bank of the Yamuna,
and the statement of Srimad-Bhagavatam that King Yudhisthira
went to bathe in the Ganges indicates, therefore, that during
the time of the Pandavas, the river Yamuna was also known as
the Ganges. While the King was taking the avabhrtha bath,
different musical instruments, such as mrdangas,
conchshells, drums, kettledrums and bugles, vibrated. In
addition, the ankle bells of the dancing girls jingled. Many
groups of professional singers played vinas, flutes, gongs
and cymbals, and thus a tumultuous sound vibrated
in the sky. The princely guests from many kingdoms, like
Srnjaya, Kamboja, Kuru, Kekaya and Kosala, were present with
their different flags and gorgeously decorated elephants,
chariots, horses and soldiers. All were passing in a
procession, and King Yudhisthira was in the forefront. The
executive members such as the
priests, religious ministers and brahmanas, were performing a
sacrifice and all were loudly chanting the Vedic hymns. The
demigods, the inhabitants of the Pitrloka and Gandharvaloka,
as well as many sages, showered flowers from the sky. The men
and women of Hastinapura, Indraprastha, their bodies smeared
with scents and floral oils, were nicely dressed in colorful
garments and decorated with garlands, jewels and ornaments.
They were all enjoying the ceremony, and they threw on each
other liquid substances like water, oil, milk, butter and
yogurt. Some even smeared these on each other's bodies. In this
way, they were enjoying the occasion. The professional
prostitutes were also engaged by jubilantly smearing these
liquid substances on the bodies of the men, and the men
reciprocated in the same way. All the liquid substances had
been mixed with turmeric and saffron, and their color was a
lustrous yellow.
In order to observe the great ceremony, many wives of the
demigods had come in different airplanes, and they were visible
in the sky. Similarly the queens of the royal family arrived
gorgeously decorated and surrounded by bodyguards on the
surface of different palanquins. During this time, Lord Krsna,
the maternal cousin of the Pandavas, and His special friend
Arjuna, were both throwing the liquid substances on the bodies
of the queens. The queens became bashful, but at the same time
their beautiful smiling brightened their faces. Because of the
liquid substances thrown on their bodies, the saris covering
them became completely wet. The different parts of their
beautiful bodies, particularly their breasts and their waists,
became partially visible because of the wet cloth. The queens
also brought in buckets of liquid substances and
sprinkled them on the bodies of their brothers-in-law.
As they engaged in such jubilant activities, their hair fell
loose, and the flowers decorating their bodies began to fall.
When Lord Krsna, Arjuna and the queens were thus engaged in
these jubilant activities, persons who were not clean in heart
became agitated by lustful desires. In other words, such
behavior between pure males and females is enjoyable, but
persons who are materially contaminated become lustful.
King Yudhisthira, in a gorgeous chariot yoked by excellent
horses, was present with his queens, including
Draupadi and others. The festivities of the sacrifice were so
beautiful that it appeared as if Rajasuya was
standing there in person with the
functions of the sacrifice.
Following the Rajasuya sacrifice, there was the Vedic
ritualistic duty known as patnisamyaja. This sacrifice
was performed along with one's wife, and it was also duly
performed by the priests of King Yudhisthira. When Queen
Draupadi and King Yudhisthira were taking their avabhrtha bath,
the citizens of Hastinapura as well as the demigods began to
beat on drums and blow trumpets out of feelings of happiness,
and there was a shower of flowers from the sky. When the King
and the Queen finished their bath in the Ganges, all the other
citizens, consisting of all the varnas or castes -- the
brahmanas, the ksatriyas, the vaisyas, and the sudras -- took
their baths in the Ganges. Bathing in the Ganges is recommended
in the Vedic literatures because by such bathing one becomes
freed from all sinful reactions. This is still current in India,
especially at particularly auspicious moments. At such times,
millions of people bathe in the Ganges.
After taking his bath, King Yudhisthira dressed in a new silken
cloth and wrapper and decorated himself with valuable jewelry.
The King not only dressed himself and decorated himself, but he
also gave clothing and ornaments to all the priests and to the
others who had participated in the yajnas. In this way, they
were all worshiped by King Yudhisthira. He constantly
worshiped his friends, his family members, his relatives, his
well-wishers and everyone present, and because he was a
great devotee of Lord Narayana, or because he was a
Vaisnava, he therefore knew how to treat everyone well. The
Mayavadi philosophers' endeavor to see everyone as God is an
artificial way towards oneness, but a Vaisnava or a
devotee of Lord Narayana sees every living entity as part and
parcel of the Supreme Lord. Therefore, a Vaisnava's treatment
of other living entities is on the absolute platform. Since one
cannot treat one part of his body differently from another
part because they all belong to the same body, so a Vaisnava
does not see a human being as distinct from an animal because
in both of them he sees the soul and the Supersoul seated
simultaneously.
When everyone was refreshed after bathing and was dressed in
silken clothing with jeweled earrings, flower garlands, turbans,
long wrappers and pearl necklaces, they looked, all together,
like the demigods from heaven. This was especially true of the
women, who were very nicely dressed. Each wore a golden belt
around the waist. They were all smiling. Spots of tilaka
and curling hair were scattered here and there. This
combination was very attractive.
Persons who had participated in the Rajasuya sacrifice -
- including the most cultured priests, the brahmanas who had
assisted in the performance of the sacrifice, the citizens of
all varnas, kings, demigods, sages, saints and
citizens of the Pitrloka -- were all very much satisfied by the
dealings of King Yudhisthira, and at the end they happily
departed for their residences. While returning to their homes,
they talked of the dealings of King Yudhisthira, and even after
continuous talk of his greatness they were not satiated, just
as one may drink nectar over and over again and never be
satisfied. After the departure of all others, Maharaja
Yudhisthira restrained the inner circle of his friends,
including Lord Krsna, by not allowing them to leave. Lord Krsna
could not refuse the request of the King. He therefore sent
back all the heroes of the Yadu dynasty, like Samba and others.
All of them returned to Dvaraka, and Lord Krsna personally
remained in order to give pleasure to the King.
In the material world, everyone has a particular type of desire
to be fulfilled, but one is never able to fulfill his desires
to his full satisfaction. But King Yudhisthira, because of his
unflinching devotion to Krsna, could fulfill all his desires
successfully by the performance of the Rajasuya yajna. From
the description of the execution of the Rajasuya yajna, it
appears that such a function is a great ocean of
opulent desires. It is not possible for an ordinary
man to cross over such an ocean; nevertheless, by the grace of
Lord Krsna, King Yudhisthira was able to cross over it very
easily, and thus he became freed from all anxieties.
When Duryodhana saw that Maharaja Yudhisthira had become very
famous after performance of the Rajasuya yajna and was fully
satisfied in every respect, he began to burn with the fire of
envy because his mind was always poisonous. For one thing, he
envied the imperial palace which had been constructed by the
demon Maya for the Pandavas. The palace was excellent in its
puzzling artistic workmanship and was befitting the position of
great princes, kings or leaders of the demons. In that great
palace, the Pandavas were living with their family members,
and Queen Draupadi was serving her husbands very peacefully.
And because in those days Lord Krsna was also there, the palace
was also decorated by His thousands of queens. When the queens,
with their heavy breasts and thin waists, moved within the
palace, and their ankle bells rang very melodiously with their
movement, the whole palace appeared more opulent than the
heavenly kingdoms. Because a portion of their breasts was
sprinkled with saffron powder, the pearl necklaces on their
breasts appeared to be reddish. With their full earrings
and flowing hair, the queens appeared very beautiful. After
looking at such beauties in the palace of King Yudhisthira,
Duryodhana became envious. He became especially envious and
lustful upon seeing the beauty of Draupadi because he had
cherished a special attraction for her from the very beginning
of her marriage with the Pandavas. In the marriage selection
assembly of Draupadi, Duryodhana had also been present, and
with other princes he had been very much captivated by
the beauty of Draupadi, but had failed to achieve her.
Once upon a time, King Yudhisthira was sitting on the golden
throne in the palace constructed by the demon Maya. His four
brothers and other relatives, as well as his great well-wisher
, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna, were present
and the material opulence of King Yudhisthira seemed no less
than that of Lord Brahma. When he was sitting on the throne
surrounded by his friends, and the reciters were offering
prayers to him in the form of nice songs, Duryodhana, with his
younger brother, came to the palace.
Duryodhana was decorated with a helmet, and he carried a sword
in his hand. He was always in an envious and angry mood, and
therefore, on a slight provocation, he spoke sharply with the
doorkeepers and became angry. He was irritated because he
failed to distinguish between water and land. By the
craftsmanship of the demon Maya, the palace was so decorated in
different places that one who did not know the tricks would
consider water to be land and land to be water. Duryodhana was
also illusioned by this craftsmanship, and when he was crossing
water thinking it to be land, he fell down. When Duryodhana,
out of his foolishness, had thus fallen, the queens enjoyed the
incident by laughing. King Yudhisthira, could understand the
feelings of Duryodhana, and he tried to restrain the queens
from laughing, but Lord Krsna indicated that King Yudhisthira
should not restrain them from enjoying the incident. Krsna
desired that Duryodhana might be fooled in that way and that
all of them might enjoy his foolish behavior. When everyone
laughed, Duryodhana felt very insulted, and his hairs
stood up in anger. Being thus insulted, he immediately left the
palace, bowing his head. He was silent and did not protest.
When Duryodhana left in such an angry mood, everyone regretted
the incident, and King Yudhisthira also became very sorry. But
despite all occurrences, Krsna was silent. He did not say
anything against or in favor of the incident. It appeared that
Duryodhana had been put into illusion by the supreme will of
Lord Krsna, and this was the beginning of the enmity between
the two sects of the Kuru dynasty. It appeared that it was a
part of Krsna's plan in His mission to decrease the burden of
the world.
King Pariksit had inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami as to why
Duryodhana was not satisfied after the termination of the great
Rajasuya sacrifice, and thus it was explained by Sukadeva
Gosvami.
Thus ends the Bhaktivedanta purport of the Second Volume,
Twentieth Chapter, of Krsna, "Why Duryodhana Felt Insulted at
the End of the Rajasuya Sacrifice."
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KB 75: Why Duryodhana Felt Insulted at the End of the
Rajasuya Sacrifice
CHAPTER SEVENTY–FIVE
Why Duryodhana Felt Insulted at the End of the Rajasuya
Sacrifice
King Yudhisthira was known as ajata-satru, or a person who
had no enemy. Therefore, when all the men, demigods,
kings, sages and saints saw the successful termination of the
Rajasuya-yajna performed by King Yudhisthira, they were very
happy. That Duryodhana alone was unhappy was astonishing
to Maharaja Pariksit, and therefore he requested Sukadeva
Gosvami to explain this.
Sukadeva Gosvami said, "My dear King Pariksit, your
grandfather King Yudhisthira was a great soul. His congenial
disposition attracted everyone to be his friend, and therefore
he was known as ajata-satru, one who never created an
enemy. He engaged all the members of the Kuru dynasty in taking
charge of different departments for the management of the
Rajasuya sacrifice. For example, Bhimasena was put in charge of
the kitchen department, Duryodhana in charge of the supplies
department, Sahadeva in charge of the reception department,
Nakula in charge of the store department, and Arjuna in
charge of looking after the comforts of the elder persons.
The most astonishing feature was that Krsna, the Supreme
Personality of Godhead, took charge of washing the feet of all
the incoming guests. The Queen, the goddess of fortune Draupadi,
was in charge of administering the distribution of food, and
because Karna was famous for giving charity, he was put in
charge of the charity department. In this way Satyaki, Vikarna,
Hardikya, Vidura, Santardana and Bhurisrava, the son of
Bahlika, were all engaged in different departments for managing
the affairs of the Rajasuya sacrifice. They were all so bound
in loving affection for King Yudhisthira that they simply
wanted to please him.
After Sisupala died by the mercy of Lord Krsna and
merged into the spiritual existence, and after the end
of the Rajasuya-yajna, when all the friends, guests and well-
wishers had been fully honored and rewarded, King
Yudhisthira went to bathe in the Ganges. The city of
Hastinapura stands today on the bank of the Yamuna,
and the statement of Srimad-Bhagavatam that King Yudhisthira
went to bathe in the Ganges indicates, therefore, that during
the time of the Pandavas the river Yamuna was also known as
the Ganges. While the King was taking the avabhrtha bath,
different musical instruments vibrated, such as mrdangas,
conchshells, panava drums, kettledrums and bugles, and
the ankle bells of the dancing girls jingled. Many
groups of professional singers sang as vinas, flutes, gongs
and cymbals were played, and thus a tumultuous sound vibrated
in the sky. The princely guests from many kingdoms, like
Srnjaya, Kamboja, Kuru, Kekaya and Kosala, were present with
their different flags and gorgeously decorated elephants,
chariots, horses and soldiers. All of them passed in a
procession, with King Yudhisthira in the forefront. The
executive members who had performed the sacrifice -- the
priests, religious ministers and brahmanas
-- all loudly chanted the Vedic hymns. The
demigods and the inhabitants of Pitrloka and Gandharvaloka,
as well as many sages, showered flowers from the sky. The men
and women of Hastinapura, or Indraprastha, their bodies smeared
with scents and floral oils, were nicely dressed in colorful
garments and decorated with garlands, jewels and ornaments.
Enjoying the ceremony, they threw on one
another liquid substances like water, oil, milk, butter and
yogurt. Some even smeared these on each other's bodies. In this
way, they enjoyed the occasion. The professional
prostitutes jubilantly smeared these
liquid substances on the bodies of the men, and the men
reciprocated in the same way. All the liquid substances had
been mixed with turmeric and saffron, and their color was a
lustrous yellow.
In order to observe the great ceremony, many wives of the
demigods had come in different airplanes, and they were visible
in the sky. Similarly, the queens of the royal family,
gorgeously decorated and surrounded by bodyguards,
arrived on different palanquins. During this time, Lord Krsna,
the maternal cousin of the Pandavas, and His special friend
Arjuna were both throwing the liquid substances on the bodies
of the queens. The queens became bashful, but at the same time
their beautiful smiling brightened their faces. Because of the
liquids thrown on their bodies, the saris covering
them became completely wet. The different parts of their
beautiful bodies, particularly their breasts and their waists,
became partially visible because of the wet cloth. The queens
brought buckets of the same liquid substances and with
syringes sprinkled them on the bodies of their brothers-in-law.
As they engaged in such jubilant activities, their hair fell
loose, and the flowers decorating their bodies began to fall.
When Lord Krsna, Arjuna and the queens were thus engaged in
these jubilant activities, persons who were not clean in heart
were agitated by lustful desires. In other words, such
behavior between pure males and females is enjoyable, but it
makes persons who are materially contaminated become lustful.
King Yudhisthira, in a gorgeous chariot yoked to excellent
horses, was present there along with his queens, including
Draupadi, and their features were so
beautiful that it appeared as if the great Rajasuya sacrifice
were standing there in person, along with the different
functions of the sacrifice.
Following the Rajasuya sacrifice, there was the Vedic
ritualistic duty known as patni-samyaja. This sacrifice,
which one performs along with one's wife, was also duly
conducted by the priests of King Yudhisthira. As Queen
Draupadi and King Yudhisthira were taking their avabhrtha bath,
the citizens of Hastinapura as well as the demigods began to
beat on drums and blow trumpets out of feelings of happiness,
and there was a shower of flowers from the sky. When the King
and the Queen finished their bath in the Ganges, all the other
citizens, consisting of all the varnas, or castes -- the
brahmanas, ksatriyas, vaisyas and sudras -- took
their baths in the Ganges. Bathing in the Ganges is recommended
in the Vedic literature because by such bathing one is
freed from all sinful reactions. This is still current in India,
especially at particularly auspicious moments. At such times,
millions of people bathe in the Ganges.
After taking his bath, King Yudhisthira dressed in a new silken
cloth and wrapper and decorated himself with valuable jewelry.
The King not only dressed himself and decorated himself but
also gave clothing and ornaments to all the priests and the
others who had participated in the yajnas. In this way, he
worshiped them all. He constantly
worshiped his friends, his family members, his relatives, his
well-wishers and everyone present, and because he was a
Vaisnava, a great devotee of Lord Narayana,
he knew how to treat everyone well. The
Mayavadi philosophers' endeavor to see everyone as God is an
artificial attempt at oneness, but a Vaisnava, or a
devotee of Lord Narayana, sees every living entity as part and
parcel of the Supreme Lord. Therefore, a Vaisnava's treatment
of other living entities is on the absolute platform. As one
cannot treat one part of his body differently from another part,
because they all belong to the same body, a Vaisnava does
not see a human being as distinct from an animal because in
both he sees the soul and the Supersoul seated
together.
When everyone was refreshed after bathing and was dressed in
silken clothing with jeweled earrings, flower garlands, turbans,
long wrappers and pearl necklaces, they looked, all together,
like the demigods from heaven. This was especially true of the
women, who were very nicely dressed. Each wore a golden belt
around the waist. They were all smiling, with spots of tilaka
and curling hair scattered here and there. This
combination was very attractive.
Those persons who had participated in the Rajasuya sacrifice -
- including the most cultured priests, the brahmanas who had
assisted, the citizens of
all the varnas, and the kings, demigods, sages, saints and
citizens of Pitrloka -- were all very much satisfied by the
dealings of King Yudhisthira, and at the end they happily
departed for their residences. While returning to their homes,
they talked of the dealings of King Yudhisthira, and even after
continuous talk of his greatness they were not satiated, just
as one may drink nectar over and over again and never be
satisfied. After the departure of all the others, Maharaja
Yudhisthira restrained the inner circle of his friends,
including Lord Krsna, not allowing them to leave. Lord Krsna
could not refuse the request of the King. Krsna therefore sent
back all the heroes of the Yadu dynasty -- Samba and others.
All of them returned to Dvaraka, and Lord Krsna personally
remained to give pleasure to the King.
In the material world, everyone has a particular type of desire
to be fulfilled, but one is never able to fulfill his desires
to his full satisfaction. But King Yudhisthira, because of his
unflinching devotion to Krsna, could fulfill all his desires
successfully by the performance of the Rajasuya sacrifice. From
the description of the Rajasuya-yajna,
such a function appears to be a great ocean of
opulent desires. Such an ocean is not possible for an ordinary
man to cross; nevertheless, by the grace of
Lord Krsna, King Yudhisthira was able to cross it very
easily, and thus he became freed from all anxieties.
When Duryodhana saw that Maharaja Yudhisthira had become very
famous after performing the Rajasuya-yajna and was fully
satisfied in every respect, he began to burn with the fire of
envy because his mind was always poisonous. For one thing, he
envied the imperial palace constructed by the
demon Maya for the Pandavas. The palace was excellent in its
puzzling artistic workmanship and was befitting the position of
great princes, kings or leaders of the demons. In that great
palace, the Pandavas lived with their family members,
and Queen Draupadi served her husbands very peacefully.
And because in those days Lord Krsna was also there, the palace
was also decorated by His thousands of queens. When the queens,
with their heavy breasts and thin waists, moved within the
palace and their ankle bells rang very melodiously with their
movement, the whole palace appeared more opulent than the
heavenly kingdom. Because a portion of their breasts was
sprinkled with saffron powder, the pearl necklaces on their
breasts appeared reddish. With their beautiful earrings
and flowing hair, the queens appeared very attractive. After
seeing such beauties in the palace of King Yudhisthira,
Duryodhana was envious. He was especially envious and
lustful upon seeing the beauty of Draupadi because he had
cherished a special attraction for her from the very beginning
of her marriage with the Pandavas. In the marriage selection
assembly of Draupadi, Duryodhana had also been present, and
along with other princes he had been very much captivated by
the beauty of Draupadi, but he had failed to achieve her.
Once upon a time, King Yudhisthira was sitting on his golden
throne in the palace constructed by the demon Maya. His four
brothers and other relatives, as well as his great well-wisher
Krsna, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, were present,
and the material opulence of King Yudhisthira seemed no less
than that of Lord Brahma. When he was sitting on the throne
surrounded by his friends and the reciters were offering
prayers to him in the form of nice songs, Duryodhana
came to the palace with his younger brothers.
Duryodhana was decorated with a helmet, and he carried a sword
in his hand. He was always in an envious and angry mood, and
therefore on a slight provocation he spoke sharply with the
doorkeepers and became angry.
By the
craftsmanship of the demon Maya, the palace was so decorated in
different places that one who did not know the tricks would
consider water to be land and land to be water. Duryodhana was
illusioned by this craftsmanship, and when crossing
water, thinking it to be land, he fell in. When Duryodhana,
out of his foolishness, had thus fallen, the queens enjoyed the
incident by laughing. King Yudhisthira could understand the
feelings of Duryodhana, and he tried to restrain the queens
, but Lord Krsna indicated that King Yudhisthira
should not restrain them from enjoying the incident. Krsna
desired that Duryodhana be fooled in that way and that
all of them enjoy his foolish behavior. When everyone
laughed, Duryodhana felt very insulted, and his bodily hairs
stood up in anger. Being thus insulted, he immediately left the
palace, bowing his head. He was silent and did not protest.
When Duryodhana left in such an angry mood, everyone regretted
the incident, and King Yudhisthira also was very sorry. But
despite all these occurrences, Krsna was silent. He did not say
anything against or in favor of the incident. It appeared that
Duryodhana had been put into illusion by the supreme will of
Lord Krsna, and this was the beginning of the enmity between
the two sects of the Kuru dynasty. This appeared to be a
part of Krsna's plan in His mission to decrease the burden of
the world.
King Pariksit had inquired from Sukadeva Gosvami why
Duryodhana was not satisfied after the termination of the great
Rajasuya sacrifice, and thus it was explained by Sukadeva
Gosvami.
Thus ends the Bhaktivedanta purport of the Seventy-fifth
Chapter of Krsna, "Why Duryodhana Felt
Insulted at the End of the Rajasuya Sacrifice."
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